How to identify buffs/debuffs:

Stomach: either hungry (food below I think 30) or starving (food at 0, you may not gain stamina, you start losing health)

Water drops: Thirsty (water below 30) or Dehydrated (water 0, start losing Health, may not gain Stamina, start gaining torpidity)

Snowflake: Cold, you will start losing food faster

Melting snow brick: freezing, you start losing health and hunger starts to decrease significantly or it is a cave I think. Hibernation ability from snow owl, makes you cold but allows you to regain tons of hp

Wind: there is windy weather outside

Small flame: Hot: water starts going down faster, nothing else

Large flame: Overheating: you start losing health, Sunstroke effect starts to appear, water drains at significant pace

Large red flame: Heatwave weather, temperature skyrockets

Man panting: Winded, you have no stamina, stamina bar turns red

Shield: Basilo Insulation, Tent Insulation both increases hypo/hyperthermic insulation

Foot running: Race: only available during races

Web: webbed by Araneo, you cannot jump, you move slower

Poisoned skull: Tranquilized: increase Torpidity or reduces stamina

Spoiled meat with skull on top: you ate rotten food/poop: health decreases

Red skull: Contracted Mega Rabies, health decreases rapidly

Blue mechanical eye glowing: Thermal Sight used by Snow Owl, shows live creatures with heat signatures

Medical brew with green arrow: you are regaining health

Cooked meat with green arrow: you are regaining food

2 green arrows: 2x experience boost from Explorer Note

3 purple arrows: 4x Experience Boost from EN

Silhouette of a man standing under a sun: Heatstroke Effect, it slowly increases the more you are in the sun/major heat, at 25% you'll start losing a bit of health and your vision becomes hazy, any percent continuing will probably increase the health drain

Yellowed rex skull: you have entered a dangerous area, move away quickly

SCUBA Flippers: you equipped flippers, you move very fast in water but your land speed is significantly reduced

Goggles: you can see more clearly underwater

Scuba pants: increased general insulation

Scuba tank: you have a connected Air supply with the goggles but the tank will break after some time

Continued later after I remember some more